What is the primary characteristic of atherosclerosis?

The primary characteristic of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fat deposits inside the blood vessels, specifically within the arterial walls. This buildup, often referred to as plaque, consists of lipids, cholesterol, cellular debris, and inflammatory cells. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. This process leads to various cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks and strokes, as the oxygen supply to the heart and brain can be compromised.

Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial because it highlights the importance of maintaining cardiovascular health through diet, exercise, and regular medical check-ups. Monitoring risk factors such as cholesterol levels and blood pressure can help in the prevention and management of this condition.