Which of the following does NOT contribute to cardiovascular health problems?

Regular exercise plays an essential role in maintaining and improving cardiovascular health. Engaging in physical activity helps manage weight, reduces blood pressure, strengthens the heart muscle, and improves overall circulation. Regular exercise can also improve mental health by reducing stress, which is beneficial since lasting stress is known to adversely affect cardiovascular health.

In contrast, lasting stress, poor diet, and smoking are all factors that negatively impact cardiovascular health. Lasting stress can lead to elevated blood pressure and heart rate, while a poor diet can contribute to obesity and increase cholesterol levels. Smoking is well-documented as a significant risk factor for heart disease, contributing to the buildup of plaque in arteries and reducing the amount of oxygen available to the heart.

Given this context, regular exercise stands out as the only option that contributes positively to cardiovascular health.